Android回顾与展望:从G1到冻酸奶Froyo

谷歌的Android手机操作系统发展非常迅速,自从在2008年十月下旬T-Mobile 推出G1开启了Android时代以来,谷歌已经发布了不下五个版本,这一速度实在令人难以置信。iPhone操作系统(或者叫做iOS)自2007年1 月以来推出了四个主要版本。两相比较,你会发现谷歌一直以来都非常专注于Android的开发。其结果是Android这款具有竞争力的手机操作系统在很 短的时间内就占据了相当的市场份额。

很显然,谷歌在2005年收购 初创公司Android以后,其令人惊奇的开发速度已经得到了回报。据尼尔森公司(Nielsen)的一份报告称,Android目前占据了13%的智能 手机市场,并在过去的六个月里占据了智能手机销量的27%。然而,这个速度不可能一直持续下去。据预测,Android的更新速度可能会减缓,从一年两次 降到一年一次,这跟苹果的iOS发布时间差不多。否则,按谷歌副总裁安迪罗宾(Andy Rubin)的话来说就是,“开发人员将很难跟上。”罗宾是Android公司最初的CEO和创始人之一,现在担任谷歌工程副总裁。

随着各运营商们缓慢而稳固地把Android手机升级到Android 2.2版本(代号为Froyo),我们有必要回顾一下Android是怎么从G1走到现在这一步的,下一步又会走向何方。

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Android 2.2版5月发布,新特性曝光

虽然有许多Android手机扔在运行使用1.5版和1.5版系统固件,等待着2.1版升级的来临, 但是这不能阻止Google继续推动Android系统的升级发展的步伐,预计Android 2.2版系统不久之后将会公布。来自 Androidandme网站的报道,他们已经在一份报告的数据表中发现了Google已经开始测试下一个固件:Android 2.2。虽然Google去年已经决定不再公布未来版本的Android公共路线图,目前Android 2.2版系统的信息不是很多,但是从收集到的信息仍然可以看到Android 2.2的一些主要特性。

新功能包括:

JIT编译器

JIT(即时编译,Just-in-time)启动后,程序的速度会快上许多(比方说3倍),对电池也会有正面影响。

自动程序更新

对于开发者与用户而言,这个功能有没有差很多。对开发者来说,你自然希望用户都能使用最新版,如此对于使用者经验能比较有效掌握,支持上也会容易些。

对于用户而言,由操作系统来处理程序更新其实是比较有效率的。

FM收音机

有MP3可听是一回事,但有收音机还可收听节目,目前看来Google会在最新一版中启动FM收音机。

全新Linux核心

新版核心会使用较少的RAM,留多一点空间给程序使用,这对手机会有整体的影响。

OpenGL改善

游戏绘图与性能会有所改善。

Flash 10.1支持

苹果故意把Flash当空气,Google作法则有不同,使用者一直希望手机能支持Flash,现在Froyo总算加入了。

彩色轨迹球

这个功能不见得很必须,不过Google还是启用了,我知道在Android手机上使用轨迹球的人不多,但其实用来当作通知很实用,比如闪灯时,就表示有工作相关的e-mail进来了。

现在加入色彩,就看开发者怎么用在更多用途上了。

Exclusive: Android Froyo to take a serious shot at stemming platform fragmentation

We had a couple people at CTIA last week — people whose words carry weight — tell us off the record that the next major version of Android would take big strides toward stopping the ugly trend toward severe fragmentation that has plagued the platform for much of this and last year. You know, the kind of fragmentation that has already left users running not one, not two, not three, but four distinct versions of the little green guy (1.5, 1.6, 2.0, and 2.1) depending on a seemingly arbitrary formula of hardware, carrier, region, software customization, and manufacturers’ ability to push updates in a timely fashion. Put simply, Google’s been iterating the core far faster than most of its partners have been able to keep up.

Thing is, in light of our CTIA conversations, we didn’t have an idea of how Google planned on fixing this — until now. We’ve been given reason to believe that the company will start by decoupling many of Android’s standard applications and components from the platform’s core and making them downloadable and updatable through the Market, much the same as they’ve already done with Maps. In all likelihood, this process will take place over two major Android versions, starting with Froyo and continuing through Gingerbread. Notice that we said apps and components, meaning that some core elements of Android — input methods, for instance — should get this treatment. This way, just because Google rolls out an awesome new browser doesn’t mean you need to wait for HTC, Samsung, or whomever made your phone to roll it into a firmware update, and for your carrier to approve it — almost all of the juicy user-facing stuff will happen through the Market.

The second part of this doubled-edged attack on platform fragmentation comes from a simple reality: we’re hearing that Google may be nearing the end of its breakneck development pace on Android’s core and shifting attention to apps and features. By the time we get to Froyo, the underlying platform — and the API that devs need to target — will be reaching legitimate maturity for the first time, which means we should have far fewer tasty treat-themed code names to worry about over the course of an average year. We like awesome new software as much as the next guy, but Google’s been moving so fast lately that they’ve created a near constant culture of obsolescence anxiety among the hardcore user base — and in turn, that leads to paralysis at the sales counter.

How much of this strategy actually materializes — and how effective it is at changing the direction of the platform at large — remains to be seen, but it sounds like a promising turn of events. Considering it’s been a solid five months since the Eclair SDK premiered, that’s an eternity in Google years; time to shake things up a bit, we reckon.

http://www.engadget.com/2010/03/29/exclusive-android-froyo-to-take-a-serious-shot-at-stemming-plat/